About Mongolia：the State of Mongolia (or Mongolia)

Location: Mongolia is a land-locked country in central Asia, with the Russia to north and the People's Republic of China to the east, south and west.
Area: 1,566,500 sq. km.
Population: 2,903,500 (2013)
Capital: Ulan Bator
Ethnic Composition: MOngol-90%; Kazakh-4%; Chinese 2%; Russian-2%; other-2%.
Religion: The people of Mongolia are predominantly Lamaist Buddhist, with 1 4% Muslim minority.
Currency: 1 togrog (tughrik) = 100 mongo; US$ 1 = 1619.50 togrog (Sep. 2013)
Administrative Districts: There are 18 provinces and 3 municipalities.
Municipalities-Darhan,Erdenet and Ulan Bator.
Provinces (Capital)-Ara-Khangai or Arhangay (Tsetserleg), Bayan-Ulegei or Bayanolgiy (Nlegei or Olgiy), Bayan Khonogor or Bayanhongor (Bayan Khongor or Bayanhongor), Bulgan, or Bulagan (Bulgan), Gobi-Altai or Gov-Altay (Altai or Altay), East-Gobi or Dorsogor (Sain-Shanda (Choibalsan or Choybalsan), Dzabkhan or Dzavhan (Uliasutai or Dzavchlant), Ubur -Khangai or Ovorhangay (Arbaikhre or Arvayheer), south-Gobi or Omnogoy (Dalan-Dzadagad or Dalandzad-gad), Central Aimak ot Tov (Zun-Mod or Dzuum Mod), Sukhe-Bator or Suhabaator (Barun-Urt or Baruun Urt), Ubsa or Uvs (Ulan-Gom or Ulaangom), Khubsugll or Hovsgol (Murun or Moron), Khentei or Kentai, Hentiy (Undurkhan or Ondorchaan), Kobdo or Khobdo, Hoyd (Kobdo or Hovd, Dzhargalant), Selenge (Sukhe-Bator or Suhbaatar).
Brief History
The Mongolia was formerly a part of China, named Outer Mongolia. Under the instigate of the Tsarist Russia, Outer Mongolia was proclaimed an autonomy in 1911, and independence from Jul. 11, 1921, it was a constitutional monarchy.
The Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed on Nov. 26, 1924 with the support of the Soviet Union. Nationalist China formally recognized the MPR in 1946. On Feb. 14, 1950, the People's Republic of China and the USSR signed "the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance ad Mutual Assistance" that guaranteed the MPR's independence. A new constitution was adopted in Jul. 1960.mThe MPR was admitted to the UN in Oct. 1961 and became a member of COMECON in Jun. 1962. On Feb.12,1992, 《the Constitution of the State of Mongolia》went into effect. Under the constitution, the name of the country was changed from "the Mongolian People’s Republic" to "The State of Mongolia", and a new National Emblem and Flag were also adopted.
　　
Railroads: 1800 km. 
Roads: 50000 km.
Natural Resources: Coal, gold, tungsten, lead, copper. uranium. Agricultural Products: Wheat, oats, barley and animal husbandry (sheep, goats, camels, yaks, horses).
Industrial Products: Livestock processing, building materials, mining. Exports: Livestock, animal products, nonferrous metals.
Imports: Machinery and equipment, processed food, chemicals, sugar and tea.

Bilateral relations
On October 16, 1949, the Mongolian People's Republic of China and establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. On May 31, 1960, in the friendly and mutual assistance treaty was signed in ulan bator, effective on October 12, the same year. Border treaty was signed in 1962. In mid and late 1960 s, the relations between the two countries has experienced twists and turns. Relations between the two countries normalised in 1989. In April 1994, the two countries signed the treaty of friendship and cooperation relations. In December 1998, President bagabandy state visit to China, both sides issued to clarify the relations between the two countries in the 21st century development guideline in the joint statement. In July, 1999, President jiang zemin's state visit to Mongolia. In June 2003, President hu jintao's state visit to Mongolia, and issued a joint statement, the two countries in the two countries announced the establishment of good-neighborly partnership of mutual trust, the two sides in the political, economic, resource development, environmental protection and cultural exchanges and cooperation in the field of widening and deepening. In July, 2004, President bagabandy state visit to China, the two countries issued a joint statement. In January 2005, the Mongolian President nambaryn enkhbayar state visit to China. Vice President xi jinping in June 2008, an official visit to Mongolia. In April 2009, sanjay bayar prime minister a working visit to China. In 2008, according to the Mongolian national bureau of statistics announced total bilateral trade in the $2.8139 billion, accounting for 45.72% of the total amount of foreign trade. China for 10 years in a row as the Mongolia's trading partners.
1951 years to establish trade relations between the two countries. In 1989 the two governments set up the economy, trade, science and technology cooperation committee, has so far held eight times meeting. In 1991 the two governments signed a new trade agreements, to replace the spot trade between government accounting trade. That same year, the two governments signed investment protection agreement. According to Chinese customs statistics, in 2003, bilateral trade volume of about $440 million, among them, the Chinese exports about $156 million, imports of about $284 million.
China and Mongolia on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to develop economic and trade relations of cooperation. , according to Mongolia by the end of September 2004, in a total of 1509 Chinese enterprises, total investment of more than $454 million, accounts for about 40% of the total amount of foreign investment in Mongolia, continue to be the first largest investor. In June 2002, the ministry of foreign trade and economic cooperation minister shi guangsheng's visit to Mongolia. In September 2003, vice minister of commerce daughter delegation participated in held in ulan bator of Mongolia the 8th meeting of economy, trade, science and technology cooperation committee.